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The claim
Under 12 CFR § 1024.17(f)(3), if an escrow account analysis discloses a shortage, one of the servicer's options is to require the borrower to repay the shortage amount in equal monthly payments over at least a 12-month period, and the servicer must notify the borrower at least once during the escrow account computation year if a shortage exists.
The receipt
Shortage means an amount by which a current escrow account balance falls short of the target balance at the time of escrow analysis.
The servicer may require the borrower to repay the shortage in equal monthly payments over at least a 12-month period.
The servicer shall notify the borrower at least once during the escrow account computation year if there is a shortage or deficiency in the escrow account.
Although your principal and interest payment will generally remain the same as long as you make regular payments on time (unless, for example, you have a balloon loan), your escrow payment can change.
What the rule doesn't say
The 12-month spread is written as something the servicer may require — one of its options, not a right the borrower can insist on. The rule also treats a shortage and a deficiency as different things; this page is about a shortage.
What you can do
Ask your servicer which option they applied to the shortage, and ask for the escrow analysis that produced the new payment amount.
Consumer info, not financial advice.